In the Netherlands the position of the director under the articles of association (in Dutch: “statutair directeur”) differs from the position of a “regular” employee.
The director under the articles of association does not enjoy the same employment protection against dismissal as a regular employee. This has to do with fact that a director has a dual (corporate and an employment) relationship with the company.
A managing director (member of the Management Board) is director under the articles of association in case he/she is appointed by the authorized body of the company to appoint and dismiss directors. In most cases this body is the General Meeting of Shareholders.
The General Meeting of Shareholders is authorized to appoint, suspend or dismiss the director under the articles of association at any moment, by taking a shareholders resolution. The particular rules for convening a shareholders meeting should be taken into account. This procedure is listed in the articles of association of the company. If this procedure is validly taken, also the employment agreement (if any) will in principle be terminated after the valid corporate dismissal, since regular employment law on dismissal is not applicable on directors under the articles of association. No prior permission by a court or work placement branche is necessary. However, a reasonable notice term must be observed and in some cases a prearranged severance payment must be paid. There are a few exceptions to this rule, such as illness of the director, or in case parties have agreed otherwise.
The director has got two options to contest a decision for dismissal. The director can i) file for annulment of the decision (if for instance the rules for convening a shareholders meeting are not duly applied) or ii) he/she can start an “unfair dismissal procedure” with the cantonal court to enforce compensation (for instance if he/she is not granted a severance payment and/or if no due notice is taken into account). In most cases parties settle a case and arrange for a compensation package by mutual consent beforehand (notice period, exit-clause).
Sometimes, the director appears to be an employee (not a director under the articles of association) within another company. In this case the employer might be required to dismiss the employee separately in accordance with the regular employment dismissal procedures. In the Netherlands, the rules on dismissal of employees are rather strict. The employer requires prior permission by the UWV WERKbedrijf (the work placement branche of the Employee Insurance Agency) or the cantonal court to dismiss an employee (see also: employment termination proceedings in The Netherlands).